Adonis – According to Greek legends, this herb sprang from the blood of Adonis. Bright crimson flowers bloom in June or July. Once used as a cardiac stimulant similar to digitalis, but said to be much stronger.

Aloe Vera is a native of South and East Africa with a long medicinal history. Known to the Greeks in the 4^th century for its purgative properties, it is currently valued most for the juice of its leaves which soothes and heals burns and sores. The yellow and orange flowers of Aloe Vera are borne on a spike above the grey-green succulent leaves. Aloe Vera produces new plants at the base which are easily separated for potting.

Ambrosia is a member of the "goosefoot" family, so called for the shape of its leaves. Ambrosia grows easily from its long-lasting seed. Plumes of foliage (feather geranium is another common name) produce a sweet and spicy scent when touched, due to glandular hairs. Plants are grown primarily for its flowering stems which add quite a pleasant

aroma to floral arrangements. Pick the stems green, with their grape-like clusters of green flowers and bend into wreath shapes. Leaves and flowers commonly used in potpourri.

Angelica is native to Lapland and Northern Europe. It prefers local moist conditions and will reseed under good conditions. The Lapps use the leaves as a preservative for fish and all parts of the plant for medicinal and magical purposes. These tall plants produce stately umbels of whitish flowers in the 2^nd and 3^rd year, making a striking background in semi-shade areas. Angelica is an ingredient in cordials and liquers such as Benedictine. The young leaves and shoots may be eaten in salads and the green stems candied or preserved in syrup.

Anise has been used for many centuries as an aid to digestion and as an appetite stimulant. The seeds may be chewed to sweeten the breath and a pack of the leaves is said to remove freckles. Anise is a confectionary herb, a flavoring for liqeurs, a salad herb and an ingredient in perfume. Harvest the seeds as the tips turn grey and dry carefully. Use in vegetable curries, stews, cookies, candy and bread.

Anise Hyssop makes a bold garden accent, with its tall spikes of purple flowers which attract bees and from which they make a fine mild honey. The anise-scented leaves are dried for tea and potpourri. They were used by Northern Plains Indians for a sweetener and they are a staple in Cree medicine bundles. The roots were used by Chippewas for coughs and respiratory ailments.

The Artemisias are named for the goddess Artemis, whose power is reflected by the moon, and the grey gardens in which they predominate are sometimes called "moon gardens" for their dramatic and ghostly appearance in the moonlight.

Artemisia – Until recently, Artremisia annua has been grown primarily for its aromatic foliage and its use in dried arrangements, wreaths and potpourri. Commonly called ‘Sweet Annie". Bend the green stems with yellow flowers into wreath forms and dry for further decoration. Artemisia annua reseeds freely and tolerates even poor growing conditions. Currently, Artemisia annua is under investigation for its potential use in the treatment of malaria.

Powis Castle – This new hybrid features lacy, glowing silver foliage and a tidy, compact growth habit. Often remains silver throughout the winter. Requires good drainage. Grows taller in warmer places.

Uses: Herbal wreaths and garden accents.

Silver Brocade is a more compact and serrated form of the native seaside plant. Ghostly silver foliage with prostrate habit. Needs excellent drainage. Great for hanging baskets, window boxes and tub planters.

Silver Frost is a shrub-like plant with finely cut fern leaf foliage.

Silver King artemisia or cudweed, is a staple of the grey garden and is used in dried arrangements and wreath making. It prefers full sun, excellent drainage and benefits in part shade from some support like a fence or a wall. This variety dries very white and sholud be cut before the heavy flower heads of yellow to brownish blooms open. Silver King spreads easily from the roots.

"Silver King" (Narrow Leaf)

Uses: Decorative herb used in herbal wreaths.

Silver King (Narrow Leaf), the traditional silver king artemisia, with its narrow leaves and bushy habit, is a native of the Western United States. Its flower heads are much smaller and lighter than the wide leaf, and it prefers the same dry, sunny, well-drained location. Cut the stems for wreaths and dried arrangements when the flower buds appear as tiny grey balls. Silver King adds a dramatic accent to the perennial border and is a mainstay of the garden

Silver Mound makes a wonderful border plant for perennial beds, herb gardens and particularly for grey gardens. Each plant forms a small round clump of silky grey leaves, and remains less than one foot high. Trim in mid-summer and cut off flowering stems to maintain shape. Silver Mound thrives in lean soil and dry conditions.

Silver Queen artemisia shares the same general form with its more famous relative, Silver King, but it remains somewhat smaller and is less invasive. The leaves are finely cut and resemble those of ludoviciana. This airy, delicate plant thrives on full sun and dry soil. Stems should be cut before the flowers open to maintain the grey-white color. Lovely in dried arrangements and frequently used as a wreath base.

Valerie Finnis has very showy silver-grey leaves. One of the best silver leaved perennials.

Versicolor is a low-growing border plant with extremely slender and delicate silver foliage. Like all artemisias, it prefers a sunny, well-drained spot in the garden.

Wormwood – A very bitter herb, used to make the liqueur absinthe, now outlawed, as thought to produce brain damage. A bitter tonic used to stimulate appetite and aid digestion. Dried grey foliage repels moths in the linen closet. Remedy for worms. Leaves secrete bitter substance which inhits growth of other plants. Spreads by root runners.

Aztec Sweet Herb is a Mexican herb used since at least the time of the Aztecs for coughs, colds, bronchitis, asthma and colic. Aztec Sweet Herb is a vining tropical plant, now being investigated as a natural sugar substitute. The leaves have an intense sweetness much more than cane sugar. An extract from them is used in South America as a sweetener. The plant does nicely in a hanging basket and is almost always in flower with white blooms.

Balloon Flower – Platycodon comes from the Greek words meaning "broad bell" and "bell flower" is another common name for this hardy perennial. The clear blue flowers appear in mid-summer and often last until fall. Grow in full sun. Reqires no special soil or attention. In the language of flowers, "bell flower" speaks of gratitude. A cough remedy in the Orient.

Golden Lemon Balm – The variegated form of lemon balm is a very decorative plant in the perennial border. The word "balm" is an abbreviated form of "balsam" and refers to the sweet scent of the leaves. Carmalite water, a combination of balm, lemon peel, nutmeg and angelica root, was a suggested cure for nervous headaches. Plant with other variegated plants for an unusual effect.

"Lemon"

Lemon Balm – is the strongest lemon scented plant. Hardy in the North, lemon balm has been prescribed for nervous disorders and for relief of fevers associated with colds. Steep the leaves for a lemon tea which is refreshing hot or cold. Lemon balm prefers a cool, moist location in partial shade. The leaves are most flavorful just before the white flowers bloom in May, but if the flowers are allowed to remain, they attract bees to the garden.

Lemon Balm – grows exactly like lemon balm but has a lime scent.

Balm of Gilead is a handsome herb from the Canary Islands, with a compact habit and palmate leaves emitting a strong menthol fragrance. This is not the Balm of Gilead mentioned in the Bible.

Considered a royal herb by the Greeks and venerated as sacred by the Hindus, basil has arrived at its present acclaim despite centuries of distrust and superstition. Like tomatoes, it was considered inedible or a sign of witchcraft.

Sweetbush basil – The basils have always attracted the attention of herb fanciers and rightly so, for they offer an amazing array of flavors and scents. The traditional culinary basil with smooth green leaves are used in pesto, tomato sauces, salads and any dish that would benefit from its clove-like taste.

African blue basil is rapidly gaining devotees in the United States who are intrigued by its attractive purplish-blue cast, strong growth habit and sweet camphor scent. The leaf veins, flower spikes and stems are purple while the rest is green.

Anise Basil (Persian) – An ancient basil, native to Persia, with a long history of medicinal and preservative uses. The foliage has a purplish cast, and the flavor leans towards the anise end of the basil spectrum. Grow it in full sun with good drainage and keep the flowers pinched for continuous leaf production. The Oriental basils were placed in amulets to protect the body and used as a disinfectant against malaria.

Camphor basil – A native of East Africa with strong camphor odor. Commercial source of camphor. Tea made from Camphor Basil is said to alleviate stomach aches and help colds. Very stately plant in the herb garden, reaching 5’ in height. Too strong of a flavor for culinary use.

Uses: Salads, soups, sauces, fragrances.

Cinnamon Basil – A native of India, basil found its way to Europe in the 16^th century, where it was valued medicinally. It has a natural affinity for tomatoes and seems to belong with salads, either fresh or in oils or vinegars. Cinnamon basil combines the traditional clove flavor of basil with cinnamon for a unique, spicy taste. Set out plants after the last danger of frost and grow in full sun. Keep from flowering by pinching off flower spikes and enjoy a harvest of leaves all summer.

"Dark Opal"

Dark Opal Basil – This spectacular cultivar was developed at the University of Connecticut in the 1950’s and it is grown not only for its culinary value, but for its intense decorative effect. The deep purple, sometimes mottled leaves make a very dramatic contrast with green leaved plants. Allow this variety to flower and enjoy the lavender blooms in mid-summer. Dark Opal Basil lends color as well as flavor to vinegar.

Uses: Meats, salads, sauces, stews, garnish.

Dwarf Dark Opal is a small-leaved variety of Dark Opal Basil. Sensational border plant forming dark purple clumps. Basil grown in a pot on a windowsill repels flies and the crushed leaves are said to relieve the pain of bee and scorpion stings. Steep the leaves in vinegar for a lavender-colored, clove tasting salad dressing.

Dwarf Basil (Small Leaf) is a small leaf, bush-type variety, perfect for pots or containers. Since its introduction to Europe in the 16^th century, basil has been the subject of very intense medical controversy. Culpepper said, "This is the herb which all authors are together by the ears about, and rail at one another like lawyers." As for its value in cooking, there is no argument. It combines naturally with any tomato dish and its clove-like flavor enhances both Italian and Oriental cuisine.

Lemon Basil – All-American winner for 1998. High in essential oil and citral content. Developed by Dr. Jim Simon at Purdue University. Has small leaves and a delightful lemony fragrance that forms a base for some lemon potpourri. It makes a fresh, light tea and is a traditional seasoning in pea soup. In the Orient, basil is used to relieve stomach spasms, kidney ailments, and tea from leaves is said to calm nerves.

Lettuce Leaf Basil so called for its large, wrinkled leaves. A highly productive variety which insures a continuous supply of this clove flavored herb for the entire season. Chop the leaves in a blender with a small amount of water and freeze in ice cube trays for winter use. The Romans believed that railing and abuse were necessary in sowing basil in order for it to prosper. In the early days of this country, possession of a basil plant was sufficient proof of witchcraft.

Licorice Basil tends more toward the anise end. Its fragrance is useful in potpourri and it adds a sweetish taste to tomato sauce. Basil has a varied history in folklore. In Roman times it was said to breed scorpions, to cure their stings, or to incite romantic passion. In Crete, it symbolized love washed with tears.

Lime Basil – Wonderful lime-scented version of Lemon Basil from Thailand. Ideal for potpourri and Thai cooking. Compact bush habit. It makes a fresh, light tea and is a traditional seasoning in pea soup. In the Orient, basil is used to relieve stomach spasms, kidney ailments, and tea from leaves is said to calm nerves.

Napoletano Basil is an arresting basil from Southern Italy with very large, uniquely rounded and deeply crinkled leaves. The softly draped, leafy plants form a dense heavy canopy that is almost tropical in appearance. Luxuriant leaves are a light green color, and have a sweet fragrance and mellow rich flavor. Great for pasta or rice, and excellent over freshly picked tomatoes.

Perfume Basil – The long and pointed leaves of Genoa basil are thus distinguished by their intense, almost perfumed flavor, which is quite haunting to the taste. It may be used in a variety of ways including salad dressings and with chicken or fish. Plants are very productive and branch vigorously, so that the deep green elongated leaves can be harvested in abundance throughout an exceptionally long season.

Peruvian Basil is a Latin American basil with a bitter-sweet fragrance and taste. Basil is very tender and should not be planted outside until all danger of frost is past. Keep the flowers pinched for continuous supply of leaves. Basil is said to repel flies and a pot of it on a windowsill may be as effective as a screen. It was also thought to increase sympathy between human beings.

Rubin Basil – A significant improvement over Dark Opal variety. Leaves nearly purple-bronze, very little green. Fine flavors and aroma. The deep purple sometimes mottled leaves, make a dramatic contrast with green leaved plants. Allow Rubin Basil to flower and enjoy the lavender blooms in mid-summer. Rubin basil lends color as well as flavor to vinegar.

Sacred Basil is called Tulasi (or Tulsi) in India and Malaysia. This plant is venerated by the Hindus as a holy herb. Its aroma is extremely pungent and the dried leaves will retain their sweet and fruity scent for years. Sacred basil is used as a fixative in potpourri and as a disinfectant against malaria. Give sacred basil full sun and plenty of space as it grows larger than other basils.

Spice Basil is a close relative of the sacred basil of the Hindus. It is very pungent, adding a fruity scent to its natural clove/anise base. The scent of spice basil is extremely long-lasting and is used as a fixative in potpourri. Try it in fruit salad and tea and dry some leaves for drawer sachets which will repel moths.

Spicy Globe Basil – Best variety of dwarf basil for pot plants. A very strong grower for a dwarf plant – grows more uniform than other bush varieties. Dense globular little bushes will retain their compact round shape throughout the season.

Sweet Fine Basil is a tall, small leaved variety of sweet basil with a compact growing habit. Sometimes called the ‘French basil’. Use it for pesto, tomato dishes and sauces, salads and vinegars. The clove/anise taste of basil makes it a unique seasoning herb and it has a long medicinal history, used for stomach cramps, kidney ailments, nervous disorders and bee stings. Keep flowers pinched off to insure continuous leaf production.

Sweet Thai ‘Siam Queen’ Basil – All American winner for 1997. Major improvement on standard variety. A very regal looking plant. Spicy anise-licorice aroma and flavor. "Hun Que" in Vietnam. Small green leaves, purple stems and blossoms, delicate and attractive. This is a true strain used in Vietnamese and Thai cooking including "pho", a famous beef or chicken noodle soup.

Bay – Leaves of this ever-green tree formed the ancient laurel wreath, which crowned scholars and poets. Dedicated to Apollo and considered a powerful disinfectant, bay grows naturally to a height of forty feet, but must be grown in a tub and brought indoors in the winter in Northern climates. The flavor of bay is a staple in French food and is released slowly in cooking. Add whole leaves to soups, stews and sauces and remove before serving.

Bear’s Breech – These stately plants with their large, dark green leaves and showy white or purplish flowers present a dramatic accent in the garden, but are not reliably hardy in the North. The leaves inspired the decoration of wall friezes and Corinthian columns in Greek architecture and this decorative motif persists throughout Western art. Bear’s Breech prefers a rich, well-drained soil.

Bedstraw yellow – The leaves (hay scent) and flowers (honey scent) or bedstraw, sometimes called lady’s bedstraw, were prized as a mattress stuffing, usually combined with a flea repellent herb. A strong concoction will curdle milk, earning it the name cheese rennet herb. Leaves and flowers both provide dyes. Bedstraw was prescribed for bladder and kidney complaints.

Adam Red Bee Balm – A member of the mint family, Monarda didyma is sometimes called bergamot, as the scent of the flowers resembles that of the tropical bergamot orange. The flowers make a welcome addition to salads and the dried leaves are useful in teas (taken for nausea) or in Potpourri. Flowers are clear red, and look very impressive in mass plantings.

Cambridge Scarlet Bee Balm – The leaves of the wild variety of bee balm (so called for its attraction to bees) were employed by patriotic American women after the Boston Tea Party as a substitute for imported tea. The flowers of this cultivar are a bright, vivid red. The plant blooms in mid-summer and remains colorful well into fall. Crushed leaves smell of mint and are helpful in rose potpourri. Grow in moist, rich, slightly acid soil.

Croftway Pink Bee Balm is a North American native, and member of the mint family. It is particularly handsome in mass plantings, grows quite tall in partial shade, and spreads by root runners. Called Oswego tea and used by the Indians and later colonists as a substitute for imported tea. This variety has delicate, soft rose-pink flowers that may be eaten in salads imparting a lemony taste. Essential oil is important in the perfume industry.

Lemon Bee Balm is sometimes wrongly called "Lemon Mint". This attractive native of the American Southwest has lavender flowers. Young foliage is strongly lemon-scented and excellent in tea. Leaves used by Hopi Indians to flavor wild game.

Mahogany Bee Balm has decorative, very deep maroon-purple blooms. Very effective in mass plantings. The leaves make a delicious, minty tea and are a valuable ingredient in potpourri. The blooms attract bees and hummingbirds and possess a lemony taste appealing in salad. Monarda is said to relieve nausea. The essential oil is important in the perfume industry.

Marshall’s Delight Bee Balm was developed in Canada. It has pink blooms and citrus-scented leaves. The fragrance resembles that of the tropical tree orange bergamot. The leaves make a soothing herbal tea.

Mahogany Bee Balm has pure white flowers that add a decorative and tangy citrus-like accent to salads. Their scent is reminiscent of the tropical bergamot orange, and combines nicely with the mint scent of the crushed leaves. Both are valuable in potpourri. A mass planting in semi-shade adds drama to the perennial bed. Plants spread by root runners.

Violet Queen Bee Balm has pale, lavender-blue flowers which are decorative in mass plantings. The crushed leaves produce a minty aroma valuable in potpourri and delicious in teas. Flowers add a tangy, citrus taste to salad. This North American native herb spreads by root runners and enjoys a rich, moist, slightly acid soil.

Borage – "I, Borage, bring always courage."

So quotes Gerard in his Herbal of 1657. Traditionally thought to make man joyful, and called ‘herb of gladness’, borage in teas has a cooling effect. The star-shaped, clear-blue flowers may be candied for cake decoration and the chopped leaves add a cucumber taste to salads. Borage is said to aid kidney and pulmonary ailments, fevers, and is used as a poultice for external inflammation. Attracts bees.

Dyer’s Broom occasionally occurs wild in sandy places in the Northeast and its yellow pea-like flowers make it an attractive garden shrub as well. For centuries, it has been used to dye wool bright yellow and, in conjunction with woad or indigo, makes green. Pickle the young buds for a caper substitute. Formerly thought of as a cure for gout and rheumatism.

Salad Burnet leaves provide a light cucumber taste in salads. Low-growing plants, suitable for edgings on borders. Remove the nondescript flowers in order to encourage leaf production. Chewing burnet leaves helps digestion. Added to facial cream, it is thought to improve the skin. In folklore it was considered to be of benefit in menopause.

Calamint (Bert’s Beauty) has fragrant, decorative lilac flowers and the leaves are irregularly scattered with cream.

This showy calamint is a minty-scented Southern European perennial. Easy to grow and prefers good drainage. This plant complements rockeries and borders.

Calendula (Pot Marigold) has brilliant sunny-gold and deep orange flower petals that give delicate flavor and strong color to salads, omelettes, and cheese and is used as a saffron substitute for rice. Invaluable in first-aid and skin lotions and ointments. The big vibrant flowers of mildew resistant Kablouna calendulas are singularly attractive with dense crested centers that show no dark eyes. Bloom well in cooler weather before many annuals.

Caper Bush grows wild in the Mediterranean region. The capers, unopened flower buds pickled in wine vinegar, are difficult to gather, due to the prickly nature of the plant. Grown as an annual or greenhouse subject in the North. The large, dramatic, white-yellowish flowers tempt the grower, by their sheer beauty, to forego the capers. Good drainage, dry soil.

Caraway is grown primarily for its seed, which ripen from June to August of the second year. Useful in all cabbage dishes, traditional rye bread, buns and cakes. A bath of the seeds may be used as an eyewash or the seeds may be chewed to relieve toothache. Fresh leaves often used as a garnish.

Cardamon – A member of the ginger family and native to South and West India. A key ingredient in curry and pickles, cardamon seeds are also added to mulled wine and coffee (particularly Persian coffee). Medicinally, cardamon seeds are said to relieve intestinal problems and they are frequently employed to flavor other medication. Plants will not produce seeds in Northern climates.

Carob – Interest in health food prompted the growing popularity of carob as a chocolate substitute. The fruit of the carob tree, native to the Mediterranean, is a flat, leathery legume, filled with sweet pulp and seed, often used as a livestock feed. Carob flour is made from the fruit, carob gum from the seed. The dark green leaves make carob an attractive plant for a sunny window. Plants will not produce seed in Northern climates.

Catnip – "If you sow it, cats won’t know it. If you set it cats will get it." Cats have been known to destroythese plants in exuberance, eating them, rolling in them, knocking them over. A lovely, tall, grey foliage plant with strongly aromatic minty leaves. Catnip tea is a traditional cold remedy and induces sleep. Flowers whitish in spring and summer.

Japanese Catnip – Chinese herb used to treat the common cold and its symptoms; chills, sore throat, and headaches. Helps to lower temperature and promote sweating. Japanese Catnip also has an antibacterial action. Chinese herbalists say this herb expels ‘wind’ and promotes ‘eruption’.

Lemon Catnip – The lemon scent of this catnip variety doesn’t seem to alter its attractiveness to cats. Dried leaves are used to stuff catnip toys and cats revel in the scent either fresh or dry. Catnip is said to deter fleas and ants and the blooms attract bees to the garden. Tea made from the leaves is a traditional cold and fever remedy.

Mussini – Low growing, grey foliage catnip, flowers in spring, with a rich blue bloom. Catnip tea is helpful for headaches, sleeplessness and menstrual disorders. Mussini catnip was named for a Russian count and botanist. The flowers attract bees to the garden. This variety is not as attractive to cats.

Uses: Teas, decorative and fragrance.

Dropmore Blue plants bear rich deep-blue flowers, that are larger than species form. They take the sun and heat well, and are lovely on top of a rock wall. Catnip tea is helpful for headaches, sleeplessness and menstrual disorders. This variety is not as attractive to ‘kitty’.

‘Six Hills Giant’ - Catmint with larger foliage and larger violet-blue flowers than the species forms. Catnip Mussini takes the sun and heat well, and are lovely on top of a rock wall. This variety is not as attractive to ‘kitty’.

‘White Nepeta’ plants bear small, pure-white flowers. Excellent massed in ground covers or rock gardens. Medicinally, catnip tea is a traditional cold remedy and induces sleep. This variety is not as attractive to ‘kitty’.

Catsfoot also called "pussytoes" is grown primarily as a decorative grey-white foliage plant for rock garden or border. The small wooly rosettes of leaves resemble a cat’s foot and the flowers (white male and pink female) are used in dried arrangements. Catsfoot is used as a weak diuretic, an astringent, and a treatment for bronchitis and bilious disorders.

Cat Thyme has a very strong camphor-like aroma which is even more irresistible to cats than catnip. Plant may need to be protected. Grown as a tender annual in the North, this Mediterranean native has grey foliage, purplish blooms, and makes an attractive border or rock garden plant. Known medicinally as a tonic, diuretic, stimulant and expectorant.

Dyer’s Chamomile - Tinctoria in the botanical name of a plant indicates its early use as a dye plant. The yellow, daisy-like flowers of "golden marguerite" yield a yellow, khaki or gold dye depending on the mordant (fixative) used.

German Chamomile – Taken from the Greek words meaning "apple of the ground", German chamomile with its apple fragrance is a most versatile and popular herb. Tea made from the daisy-like flower heads aids in digestion, soothes the nerves and lessens cramps. It was the tea given to Peter Rabbit in Beatrix Potter’s famous tale. Use the flowers for a rinse for blond hair. This annual variety produces the most flowers.

Roman Chamomile is a perennial, low-growing herb, often an aromatic lawn substitute in England. A tea made by steeping the yellow flower centers is used for stomach ailments, hair rinse, skin wash, and even a cancer treatment. Essential oils provide a fragrance used in soap, perfume and lotions. Chamomile tea is a traditional tonic, and it is said that a cup in the evening guarantees a good night’s sleep. Also called English chamomile.

Silver Chamomile, a native to the Caucasus, is an excellent rock garden specimen and a subject for the grey garden. Little known in this country. Silver chamomile is grown primarily for its fine-cut, silver-white, much-branched foliage. Yellow flowers in mid-summer.

Chervil is most widely known in French cooking where its anise-tarragon flavor is a substitute for parsley. Chervil combines particularly well with eggs, vegetables and salads. It prefers a cool season and goes to seed quickly in summer heat. Use fresh as leaves lose their mild taste rapidly in drying. The fresh juice may be used to treat fevers.

Chives have a delicate onion flavor, essential to vichyssoise. Mix chopped leaves with cream cheese or butter or use in salads. Large rose or purple blooms are decorative in the garden, fresh in salads, dry for winter bouquets or steep in vinegar for rose-colored chive vinegar. Chives are high in vitamins A and C. Flowers attract bees.

Curled Chives are a small, decorative, grey leaved variety, which functions well as a border plant for the grey or herb garden. Broad, lightly curling leaves and lavender flowers. Also used in cooking, leaves chopped in salads or soups. Mild flavor.

Garlic Chives, known as Chinese chives, or Nira in Japan, has flat leaves whose taste combines garlic and chives. Chopped leaves are used in salads or wherever a touch of garlic is desired. White blooms in August/September may be steeped in wine vinegar for a quick, easy garlic vinegar.

Cicely (Sweet) has anise scented leaves and foliage and beautiful white flowers borne on umbels in May. Treat as woods plant, part shade and humus. Used to flavor cabbage, carrot, parsnip and fruit dished. Roots may be boiled, cooled and eaten in salads or used as a cough remedy. Chop leaves fine for salads. A sugar substitute for diabetics.

Uses: "Grenadine" flavor for ales, wines, syrup, fruit salads, and stewed fruits.

Clove Pink, the true gillyflower, is grown for its clove-like scent and is used in perfume making in Europe. The petals are added to potpourri and sachets and a syrup may be made by infusing the petals in hot sugar syrup. Also called Divine Flower and used as a flavoring for wine, ale and cordials.

Comfrey, or knit bone, contains allantoic, which stimulates cell division, thus promoting the healing of wounds and broken bones. Used in teas and poultices for centuries, it has now been found to contain substances which could conceivably damage the liver, so internal use is no longer recommended. Comfrey makes an excellent green manure crop and the high protein leaves speed the composting process when added to the pile.

Conradina (Dixie Rosemary) is a small, very fragrant shrub, native to the South Eastern United States. Silver-grey, needle-like foliage resembles that of rosemary. It has tiny, jewel-like, purplish flowers. A good candidate for the grey garden. Winter indoors in the North.

Coriander’s name comes from the Greek word Koris, which means bed bug, referring to the unpleasant buggy odor of the foliage. The leaves are used extensively in Chinese, Mexican (as cilantro), Vietnamese and Indian cooking. Seeds are an ingredient in curry and are used to flavor bread, cookies and cakes. Known for 3,000 years medicinally, coriander quiets stomach-aches and relieves nausea. Goes to seed quickly in summer so sow fresh seed every 3 weeks for constant crop.

Coriander (Vietnamese) – Tired of growing coriander from seed several times a year? This is your answer; this remarkable herb from Vietnam has excellent flavor. The leaves are used extensively in cooking. Medicinally, coriander quiets stomach aches and relieves nausea. Makes a great hanging basket.

Costmary, often called Bible Leaf, as a leaf pressed in the family Bible, with its sweet mint/balsam scent, deters insects. Used as a flavoring for ale in the Middle Ages and called Alecost. Leaves were gathered for nosegays called Tussie-Mussies and an ointment made a salve for burns and stings. A fresh leaf in red tea replaces mint. Pale yellow button flowers open in summer.

Garden Cress, often called Upland Cress to distinguish it from watercress, which resembles its peppery flavor. A piquant salad herb, which grows best in cool weather, flowering and setting seed quickly in mid-summer. Garden cress may be grown indoors easily for fresh winter greens. Use as a garnish for eggs and soups.

Watercress grows best in running water but may be grown in the garden, provided the soil is kept moist. Eaten in salads and sandwiches and used as a garnish. Watercress is a good source of vitamin C (it is also called scurvy grass), vitamin E, minerals and trace elements. It is said to clear the skin of pimples and mixed with honey, to relieve coughs. A cool weather plant. Harvest in spring and fall.

Curry Plant – This lovely grey foliage plant has a strong, sweet, curry scent, when grown in warm sun, but do not use in cooking, as the taste is quite bitter. It produces tall tufts of golden flowers suitable for drying. Put dry leaves among woolens to repel moths or use in spice based potpourri. The delicate silver foliage, resembling that of rosemary, makes it welcome in the grey garden.

Dwarf Curry Plant is a smaller, attractive version of curry plant, with tiny, fragrant heather-like foliage. This is not to be confused with the cooking spice, which is a combination of herbs such as coriander, cumin and cardamon. Use dry leaves in spice based potpourri.

Dill – The word dill is derived from the Indo-European word meaning blossom. Dill prefers a rich soil and will self sow under these conditions. For a continuous summer harvest, sow seeds every three weeks. Adds zest to otherwise bland foods such as eggs, potatoes, and cucumbers. Drink dill tea or chew seeds for digestive gas, upset stomach, or to sweeten the breath. Likes hot, sunny spot in rich well-drained soil.

Dill Bouquet is a shorter, bushy variety of dill. Seed used in pickles, chopped leaves in sour cream, cucumbers, eggs and cheese dishes. Dill is mentioned in the Bible and has been used medicinally since earliest times for digestion. Harvest leaves just before the yellow umbels bloom or allow the seeds to ripen.

Dill Fernleaf – an All American Winner 1992, is a gorgeous variety of dwarf dill. These unique dwarf plants have dark green leaves. Excellent for dillweed production. Dill is also mentioned in the Bible and has been used medicinally since earliest times for digestion.

Echinacea, a Native American with beauty that is more than petal deep, An "herbal flu-shot" that’s more than substantiated by medical studies in Europe. It is said to increase bodily resistance to infection by strengthening the immune system.

Echinacea White Swan is a white version of the cone flower, more compact, blooming the first year from seed if started early. Germination is speeded by stratification. The striking flowers contrast wonderfully with dark green leaves. The cones are good for dry arrangements.

Edelweiss – This lively Alpine plant, a sentimental favorite, needs deep gritty or sandy loam as the roots spread far. Native to the mountains of Europe. White, woolly foliage and yellow disc flowers which bloom in July and August. The silver bracts are much showier that the flowers themselves.

Egyptian Onion, a fascinating, mild onion, propagated by small bulbs which develop at the top of its hollow leaves. These bulbils are excellent for pickling and the entire plant may be used for seasoning eggs, salads, soups and sauces. It is one of the perennial onions. You never have to replant this onion!

Elecampane is a tall, dramatic background plant for the herb or perennial garden. The showy, large, gold flowers bloom all summer. Harvest the root in the fall of the second year for medicinal uses or for candying. Elecampane treats all lung ailments, pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, as well as skin affliction. Tea is said to be a sedative.

Elfin Herb (Pink), or false heather, is grown as an indoor plant and valued for its dark green foliage and bright, prolific flowers. May be planted in the garden in summer, and makes a good edging plant. Currently being investigated for its unusual fatty acids, which have potential economic importance.

Elfin Herb (White) is a white blooming variety of elfin herb, or false heather, or Mexican heather, and has the same dark green foliage and prolific bloom habit.

Plant outdoors during summer and treat as a houseplant in the North in winter. Research indicated the unusual fatty acids contained in this plant may be of economic importance.

Epazote is an aromatic seasoning in Mexican cooking. Leaves are used fresh. Also called Mexican tea and used externally in that form to repel insects. Another name, wormseed, refers to its internal use, ridding the system of parasites. Strong, weedy habit and leaves are heavily scented. Self sows readily in the garden.

Eucalyptus, a tree native to Australia, naturalized in some parts of California, but grown as a houseplant or in a greenhouse in the North. Globulus refers to the globe shape of the fruit. Source of timber, oil and used as a means of soil drainage. The essential oils are an ingredient in cough medicines, and grown indoors, the plants function as air deodorizers.

Apple Eucalyptus is a native Australian tree with ripe, apple-scented foliage. Some of its medicinal uses are as an antiseptic, deodorant stimulant and counter irritant. The leaves are added to fruit and spice base potpourri. Essential oil is used in perfumery and veterinary medicine. Repels fleas.

Apple Eucalyptus is a native Australian tree with ripe, apple-scented foliage. Some of its medicinal uses are as an antiseptic, deodorant stimulant and counter irritant. The leaves are added to fruit and spice base potpourri. Essential oil is used in perfumery and veterinary medicine. Repels fleas.

Heart Shaped Eucalyptus is a native Australian tree with strong-scented foliage. The essential oil is used in cough remedies and in soaps and cosmetics. Repels fleas. Medicinally, eucalyptus is regarded as an antiseptic ansd stimulant and is applied externally to cuts and burns. Grow as a houseplant or in a greenhouse.

Uses: Essential oils, perfumes, medicinal.

Honey Eucalyptus – The leaves of this plant are delightfully honey-scented, making this a very important bee plant in Australia. It is a source of essential oils used in perfumery and medicine. Despite the enormous height they normally attain, they can be grown indoors with occasional pruning to maintain a manageable size.

Lemon Eucalyptus is a tree that is native to Australia, with lemon-scented foliage. The essential oil is used in cough remedies and is soaps and cosmetics. It is known to repel fleas. Medicinally, eucalyptus is regarded as an antiseptic and stimulant and is applied externally to cuts and burns. Grow as a houseplant or in a greenhouse.

Peppermint Eucalyptus is a native of Australia. This plant yields an oil with a very strong peppermint odor and flavor.

Despite the enormous height they normally attain, they can be grown indoors with occasional pruning to maintain a manageable size.

Spiral Eucalyptus is also called silver-dollar plant and used primarily by florists for arrangements. Large, round, silver leaves add a decorative touch to dried arrangements as well. Grow indoors and enjoy its air deodorizing effects or use externally on burns and cuts. The vapor of eucalyptus is inhaled for colds.

Evening Primrose is an American native. This plant is valued in the garden for its creamy, yellow, fragrant flowers, which bloom from mid-summer to autumn. Currently being studied, as it contains a compound which is capable reducing the rate of clotting, and so may be of use in treating heart attacks. The young roots may be boiled or pickled, and all parts of the plant are edible.

Fennel (Bronze) is a dark brown, metallic, decorative foliage variety. Leaves used with oily fish and said to improve digestibility of food. Anise flavor of leaves and seeds makes a nice addition to salads. Watch plants for aphids in mid-summer. Excellent background plant for herb garden. Fennel was traditionally used to combat digestive gas and colic in infants.

Fennel (Sweet) – The leaves and seeds are sweet, anise-flavored and are particularly tasty with fish and pork dishes. The seeds are also used in Swedish Limpa rye bread. Traditionally, treatment for baby’s colic. Swallowtail caterpillars feed on the foliage and Winston Churchill grew it for that purpose. In China a poultice of powdered seed is a cure for snake bite.

Feverfew (Golden) has foliage which is a gold-green color and white daisy flowers. In folklore it is said, "Plant around the house to purify the atmosphere and ward off disease." Dried leaves and flowers repel moths in the linen closet. A traditional tonic and headache remedy. Also called featherfew, due to its delicate foliage.

Feverfew "White Stars" – The common name of this robust plant comes from the Latin word febrifuge, meaning fever reducer. Both the foliage and daisy-like flowers are fragrant, and dried, are said to repel moths. Once thought to cure headaches, and used as a general tonic.

Flax-Blue has been grown since 5000 B.C. as a source of fiber used to produce a linen-like cloth. The Egyptians wrapped their mummies in cloth made from flax. The seeds are used medicinally as a laxative abd applied externally in poultice form to wounds. Linseed oil, used in the manufacture of paints and varnishes, comes from its seeds. Lovely, clear blue flowers.

Foxglove – Although this plant contains digitalis, the medicine used to stimulate and regulate the heart, foxglove should not be taken internally without the consent of a physician. The entire plant is toxic. In India, an ointment made from the leaves is used to treat wounds and burns. It has tall, finger-shaped, spotted flowers that make a dramatic background display.

Garlic is said to cure nearly everything: colds, fever, high blood pressure, and arteriosclerosis. It is employed as a health tonic. Garlic was given to the slaves who built the Pyramid of Cheops to help maintain their strength. Sometimes called "Stinking Rose". Parsley may reduce the strong odor on the breath. Garlic is best planted in the fall and harvested in July. If started in the spring, garlic will produce a full bulb the following spring. Requires rich, well-drained soil. Harvest when the leaves turn brown and fall over.

Society Garlic – The leaves are bluish green and narrow, growing from corn. Flowers are very decorative and rosy-lavender in color. Both the leaves and flowering stems have a mild onion/garlic scent and flavor and may be used as a seasoning. Native to South Africa and named for Rykk Tulbagh, a Dutch governor of South Africa.

Gayfeather is employed in the perennial garden as a hardy and late flowering native, for its showy spikes of purplish flowers. Also called snakeroot. The powdered root acts as an insect repellent and is used in sachets and potpourri. A tea made from the roots is used to treat kidney disease and as a gargle for sore throat.

Gingko is an extremely hardy tree, resistant to pollution and disease. Very attractive fan-shaped foliage as a pot plant, Gingko can be grown as a bonsai. Fruit contains a delicious nut which is a delicacy in China roasted or added to rice dishes. Medicinally, gingko is rapidly gaining a reputation as a brain tonic. According to recent European studies, the leaf extract increases blood supply to the brain and improves neural functioning and memory.

Ginseng is called the "root of life" and considered by many to be the most important medicinal herb. American ginseng is said to restore physical and mental functions, improve tolerance for stress, regulate high blood pressure and cholesterol and combat the effects of some chemicals. Grows wild in the Appalachias and requires a moist, loamy soil in the shade. Harvest the roots in the fall of the fifth or sixth year.

Goldenseal, a native to Canada and the Eastern United States, now occurs only rarely, due to over collecting. A woods plant, requiring moist, humus-rich soil and shade. American Indians used goldenseal for eye ailments, skin diseases and as a dye (also called orange root). Treats bronchitis, any disorders of the mucous membranes and ulcers. Poisonous in large doses. Harvest after four to five years.

Good King Henry, a pleasant, mild tasting, pot herb prepared like spinach. Peel and boil the boil young shoots and cook just like aspargus. It is a gentle laxative, a remedy for indigestion , and a poultice used to cleanse and heal chronic sores. Also called "fat hen" and used to fatten poultry in Germany.

Gotu Kola is a small, creeping, tropical plant, sometimes used as a ground cover and attractive in hanging planters. Its medicinal uses are mysterious, but it is said to energize and preserve the brain, to retard aging and generally rejuvenate the system. Enjoy fresh leaves in salads. In folklore, the remarkable memory of the elephant was attributed to its eating gotu kola.

Heliotrope, a Peruvian native with purple, vanilla-scented blooms, from May to September. May be grown as a standard. Legend claims that to find articles which have been stolen from you, gather heliotrope in August, wrap in bay leaves with the tooth of a wolf and place under your pillow. You will dream of the whereabouts of the lost articles.

Herba Buena, a creeping mint with rounded leaves, is a Southwest American native. The leaves make a delicious tea, that can be very soothing for the nerves. Very popular Mexican herbal remedy.

Black Hollyhocks – Grown and admired by master horticulturist Thomas Jefferson at Monticello, this rare, antique variety has been repropagated by the Dutch. Black Hollyhocks classically shaped, single blossoms unfurl on tall, sturdy 4-7’ stalks. The big 3-4" chalice shaped flowers are a deep dark maroon that is almost black, with extremely silky petals. These singular flowers are striking in any garden, setting off all flowers around them. Medicinally, helps to soothe mucus membranes.

Honesty is grown for its satiny, translucent seed pods, and is a symbol of honesty and money. Also called money plant, moonwort, and silver dollar plant. It has attractive pink-lavender, four-petaled blooms. Peeled roots and young leaves may be eaten in salads.

Hops – This energetic vine with its distinct pinecone-like blossoms, has been grown since 1753. It is a well-known flavoring for beer, and known medicinally for its calming effect. A pillow stuffed with hop flowers will overcome insomnia. This tall growing vine is ideal for covering antenna towers, trellis and arbors.

Horehound is a decorative border plant for the grey herb garden, with wrinkled grey-white leaves and tiny white flowers in tight whorls. Thrives in poor soil and full sun. Horehound candies are a traditional cough remedy. An infusion is beneficial for weak stomach, lack of appetite and persistent bronchitis. Good laxative.

Horseradish has deep, fleshy roots that are grated for a pungent relish or condiment with meat or fish. Harvest the roots in the fall of the second year. Propagate by root division. A teaspoon of this root in water, with honey, is a cough remedy

Blue Hyssop is a traditional border hedge for herb or knot gardens. May be clipped to maintain form, or allowed to bloom. Long-lasting blue flowers are good for drying. The young leaves and shoots may flavor tomato soup and sauces, but use sparingly. It is used medicinally to treat coughs, colds and bronchitis.

Pink Hyssop – The pink flowers last all summer or keep plants clipped to a neat hedge shape. Hyssop is little used in the kitchen now, but the slightly bitter leaves may be added to salad or used to flavor strong meats. Said to deter cabbage moth in the garden. A tea from the leaves reduces perspiration and, applied externally, calms the pain of rheumatism.

White Hyssop has a very neat growing habit and makes a fine small hedge for borders. Chopped leaves used to garnish meat dishes and aid digestion. Tea made from leaves may be used as a gargle for sore throat and is a general treatment for colds and bronchitis. The essential oil is an ingredient in chartreuse and is used in the perfume industry.

Blue Indigo – Ancient dyeplant known for the clarity and fastness of the blue produced. Fresh herbage (strongest when in flower) is steeped in water for 12-48 hours with frequent stirring. A blue sediment will form which is the dye. Needs long growing season.

Indigo (False) – Cousin of indigo, but much more attractive in the garden. Used medicinally by the American Indians as it is a native North American plant. Presently under study with potential benefits to the immune system.

Jasmine, also called "Poet’s Jessamine". The scent has inspired writing and is said to help one relax, sleep, or to facilitate childbirth. Normally a vine, but easily kept bushy through pinching. As a houseplant, may bloom all yaer indoors. The white petals are a mainstay of the perfume industry.

Yellow Flowering Jasmine a native to Kashmir, is a highly fragrant form of jasmine, with lovely yellow flowers. Pinch to keep bushy and enjoy the intoxicating scent all year long indoors. Dreaming of jasmine means good news for lovers and prophecy of an early marriage.

Jerusalem Artichokes – The name is a corruption of the Italian word ‘girasole’, meaning turning to the sun. Indeed, the yellow sunflower blooms do rotate throughout the day. Grown primarily for the sweet, nut-like flavor of its potato-shaped tubers. Carbohydrate is stored in the tubers as insulin, not starch, and they are therefore recommended as a carbohydrate source for diabetics.

Jewel of Opar makes a nice border or rock garden plant, with fleshy, waxy, bright green leaves and small pink flowers in late spring through summer. Although each flower lasts only one day, there is a profusion of bloom along the stalk. The round seed pods resemble rose pink jewels.

Korean Mint – Those who know the mints know they don’t require much of a green thumb to grow. They have a multitude of uses in the kitchen, commerce and medicine. Korean Mint is the oriental variety of anise-hyssop, with sweet anise-like scent and flavor. Makes a pleasing tea and an unusual seasoning for meats and dressings. Helps clear fevers and strengthens the stomach.

Lady’s Mantle – Dew collects in the leaves of this plant and gives it a jewel-like appearance. This dew was thought to have magical properties used by alchemists. Sprays of delicate, chartreuse-colored flowers are long-lasting, cut and dry well. A decoction of the root is said to stop bleeding and prolonged medicinal use may relieve the discomfort of menopause.

Lady’s Mantle (Dwarf) is a tiny version of Lady’s Mantle, so called for the shape of the leaves before they open fully. Felt-like scalloped leaves and delicate yellow-green flowers make it a lovely garden plant for borders or on rocky slopes. Medicinally it is an astringent with styptic properties. It is traditionally associated with women. Put lady’s mantle under the pillow to induce sleep.

Lamb’s Ear has soft, downy foliage that feels like and resembles lamb’s ears. Spikes with nearly hidden, rose colored flowers appear in May. Leaves have an aromatic apple-like scent and taste before bloom and may be dried for tea. Also called woundwort. The leaves have astringent qualities and have been used to bandage wounds.

Non-Flowering Lamb’s Ear – The soft, downy foliage feels like and resembles lamb’s ears. Leaves have an aromatic apple-like scent and taste before bloom and may be dried for tea. Also called woundwort. The leaves have astringent qualities and have been used to bandage wounds.

‘Shell Pink’ Lamium (Dead Nettle) has green and white foliage with pink flowers that flower all summer. Requires full shade. Not to be confused with ‘stinging nettle’ because this nettle does not sting, which accounts for its name. One of the few herbs which thrives in the shade, Lamium attracts bees and its tea is said to be useful against chills.

‘White Nancy’ Lamium (Dead Nettle) has foliage heavily dusted with silver-white flowers. Requires full shade. This nettle does not sting whixch accounts for its name. One of the few herbs which thrives in the shade, Lamium attracts bees and its tea is said to be useful against chills.

Fringed Lavender (French Lavender), has very indented green leaves and hop-like blooms with a rich fragrance. Lavender comes from the Latin word to wash, and was used to scent baths in Rome and to fumigate rooms for childbirth. French lavender is not hardy in the North, but makes an excellent houseplant if given five or more hours of sun.

Silver Fringed Lavender (a French Lavender), has silvery, indented, fuzzy foliage and hop-like purple blooms. Must be brought indoors in winter. It has very fragrant foliage and the flowers are useful in dried sachets and as a moth repellent. Oil of lavender is used to perfume cosmetics, soap and aromatic tobaccos. Lavender salts are a stimulant and prevent fainting.

Goodwin Creek Lavender – Dense hybrid variety developed by Jim & Dotty Becker of Oregon. Softly scalloped leaf edges; produces a deep beautiful flower on a long stem. Blooms on and off throughout the summer. An excellent addition to the fragrant herb garden.

Grosso Lavender was discovered in 1972 when the standard commercial strain was nearly destroyed by disease. This is an important commercial strain from the Vaucluse District of France. Has a strong scent and violet flowers on long stems. Likes a pH of 7-7.5, so add lots of garden lime to your soil.

Hidcote Lavender (English Lavender) is a slow growing variety with dark purple blooms. It is thought that the Romans brought lavender to England where it found its most suitable home. Churches are decorated with lavender on St. Barnabas Day, and the branches are burned on St. John’s Eve at mid-summer to drive away evil spirits. Oil used as an insect repellent. The most popular of the English varieties.

Jean Davis Lavender (English Lavender) is a neat looking, pink flowering plant. English lavender needs perfect drainage and slightly alkaline, light soil. Their fresh clear scent made them a symbol of cleanliness, purity and virtue and sacred to the Virgin Mary. Dried flowers used in sachets and potpourri to repel moths and give a fresh scent to musty rooms and closets.

Lady Lavender (AAS Winner 1994) is a very nice improvement of English Lavender. It has lovely lavender blue flowers. This is the first strain to flower consistently in the first year from seed. For centuries, the fragrant flowers have been used in dried sachets, scented soaps, perfumes and potpourri. Lavender oil is an important article of commerce. In the garden, lavender makes sweet smelling border plants along pathways.

Latifolia Lavender is a handsome plant with silver tomentose leaves on shrub-like plants, Flowers are bright lavender on long stems. The best silver foliage. Excellent for dried flower arrangements. The very fragrant flowers of lavender were sold door-to-door in England for centuries and the custom persists in some villages.

Multifida Lavender is a veryunique lavender with pungently scented, very lacy, blue-green foliage, topped by purple flowers. Excellent culinary substitute for savory. For centuries the fragrant flowers have been used in dried sachets, scented soaps, perfumes and potpourri. Lavender oil is an important article of commerce. In the garden, lavenders make sweet smelling border plants along pathways.

Munstead Lavender (English Lavender), named for Gertrude Jekyll’s garden, is the earliest blooming English Lavender with very lovely lavender-blue flowers. Used medicinally since the time of the Greek herbalist Dioscroides as a sedative, tonic, diuretic, antispasmodic, and stimulant. It was also used as a strewing herb in the twelfth century. Inhale the oil for headache, neuralgia and migraine.

Spanish Lavender has a very delicate, airy grey foliage with dark purple blooms. Tender in the North. Grow as an annual or bring indoors. Lavender is grown for its highly aromatic foliage and flowers which are dried for sachets and potpourri, giving any room a spicy, clean scent. Used as a strewing herb in the twelfth century and to purify bathing water. Currently, the oil is an ingredient in perfume and cosmetics.

Spike Lavender has coarse, broad, greyish leaves. Taller than other varieties. The flowers of this variety yield a camphor-like oil, somewhat milder than other lavender oils, used for soap. Lavender tea is used as a stimulant and anti-spasmodic and the oils are inhaled for relief of headache, neuralgia and migraine.

Sweet Lavender has highly scented foliage and spikes of pale flowers all summer long. Most fragrant of the indoor varieties. Long-lasting clean fragrance of leaves and flowers make them useful for sachets, potpourri and aromatic tobaccos. Oils used for purifying baths, as an insect repellent, and also for cosmetics and soaps. Lavender is a symbol of cleanliness, purity and virtue and is sacred to the Virgin Mary.

Variegated Fringed Lavender – Very indented, green and cream colored variegated leaves, rich fragrance, hop-like purple blooms. Lavender comes from the word to wash, and was used to scent baths in Rome and to fumigate rooms in preparation for childbirth. French lavender is not hardy in the North but makes an excellent houseplant if given at least five hours of sun indoors.

Vera Lavender, an English Lavender, is a shubby herb with narrow, aromatic, grey foliage and lavender blooms in spikes. Prefers a light, slightly alkaline soil. Mulch after hard frost. The dried flower stacks are woven together with satin ribbon to cover coat hangers and the clean fragrance lasts for years. It was brought to England by the Romans and burned on St. John’s Day at mid-summer to drive away evil spirits.

White Lavender – This magnificent form came from Hillier’s nursery in England. It’s a vigorous grower and throws long spikes of pure white, extremely fragrant flowers above silvery grey foliage. ‘Alba’ is not as hardy as other augustifolia species and should be grown with protection in colder climates.

Woolly Lavender is a small, white, shrubby plant with woolly leaves. Native to the mountains of Spain. Makes a good houseplant if given five or more hours of sunlight. The Romans used the sweet, clean smelling oils to perfume baths and to fumigate rooms in preparation for childbirth. Used as a strewing herb in the twelfth century for a moth repellent and to ward off the Plague.

Leek was first cultivated by the Greeks and Romans and employed as a vegetable and flavoring agent in the Middle Ages. Leeks are a versatile and popular vegetable. They prefer a deep, rich loam and benefit from the addition of organic matter. Hill soil up around the plants to blanch. Milder flavor than onion.

Lemon Grass, also known as Fever Grass, is a native to Southern India and Ceylon. It is a tropical, aromatic grass, which smells intensely of lemon drops. Forms dense, tall clumps of broad blades. Grown in Florida commercially for its essential oils. Makes a delicious tea. In Northern climates, it must be grown as an annual. Prefers full sun.

Lemon Verbena is native to Argentina and chile and was imported to Europe by the Spaniards. Very strong, delightful, lemon scent which fills the air in hot sun or when the plant is touched. A tea made from the leaves aids digestion and the dried leaves form a base for lemon potpourri. Floated in finger bowls by the Victorians.

Leopard’s Bane is a native to Sicily and Asia Minor. It is grown primarily as a showy accent plant in the semi-shade perennial bed and valued for its bright yellow daisy-like flowers, which make excellent cut flowers. The foliage may tend to disappear in summer so it is best not grown in masses, but as single plantings.

Licorice Verbena – This is a fast growing shrub whose leaves possess a remarkable sweet anise scent. Makes an excellent large topiary.

Licorice Plant is not Licorice Root. A native to Africa and tender in the North. Its soft, velvety, round, green leaves have a distinct anise aroma but lose scent and flavor in cooking and taste bitter. Dry leaves act as moth repellent. Spreads rapidly in sandy soil and makes a very handsome basket plant indoors, due to its trailing habit. It is very decorative in the border of the herb or grey garden.

Golden Licorice Plant – This variety has soft, velvety round, golden leaves. Needs hot, dry, sunny spot – more difficult to grow than other helichrysum varieties.

Microphyllum Licorice Plant – This variety has soft, velvety, round, tiny, green-grey leaves. Easy to grow.

"Moe’s Gold" Licorice Plant – This variety has creeping, satiny, silver felted leaves and bright yellow ever-lasting flowers. Moe’s Gold loves the hot and dry.

Variegated Licorice Plant – This variety has soft, velvety, round, variegated leaves. Needs hot, dry, sunny spot – more difficult to grow than other helichrysum varieties.

True Licorice Root – The most common variety from southern Europe and Southwest Asia. Source of most commercial licorice. Enjoy the flavor by chewing the roots. Very hardy perennial; produces blue flowers. Roots spread vigorously.

Lion’s Ear is a tall background plant and striking ornamental, with its bright orange, velvety flowers. Prefers full sun and dry, sandy slightly alkaline soil and should be pinched to promote branching. Used in the treatment of leprosy and epilepsy and as an antidote to snakebite.

Lovage – The common name refers to the plant’s European reputation as a love charm. The leaves taste of celery with an overtone of curry, and are sprinkled in salads and soups. The leaves and stalks are frequently used to replace meat in dishes. The Greeks chewed the seeds to aid digestion and an infusion of the root has been used to treat colic and flatulence. Grows in deep, rich, moist loam.

Madder – Long known as the source of the clearest and the most permanent red dye in the Ancient world. The roots were exported from Southeast Europe and Turkey to all parts of the world. Medicinally, the roots are used as a diuretic, tonic, antiseptic, antispasmodic and to dissolve kidney stones. Used externally to heal wounds.

MALLOW

Malva sylvestris var.

Bi-annual – Sun

Ht. 18" Space 12"

Uses: Attracts honey bees, medicinal.

Mallow – The word malva in the Latin name means soft and emollient and describes the feel of the leaves and their medicinal function as a demulcent and laxative. It is also used to treat coughs and bronchitis. The rose-colored flowers attract bees, and the seeds and capsules, called cheeses, may be eaten in salads.

Manuka is a plant native to New Zealand. It is called New Zealand tea because Captain Cook called it tea plant as his men made a bitter tea from its leaves. The Maoris used it to treat kidney and bladder complaints and as a remedy for colds.

Lemon Gem Marigold – The marigolds have surprising properties and uses. Most are familiar with their horticultural value as bedding plants, and their insect repelling properties are well-known, but few would suspect their use as culinary and tea herbs in some Latin American countries. Lemon Gem has a lovely citrus-like flavor and odor. It’s great for desserts, especially hot dessert sauces made with wine. Easy to grow.

Red Gem Marigold – The citrus marigolds have surprising properties and uses. Most are familiar with their horticultural value as bedding plants, and their insect repelling properties are well-known, but few would suspect a role as culinary and tea herbs in Latin American countries. Red Gem has a lovely citrus-like odor and flavor. It’s great for desserts, especially hot dessert sauces made with wine. Easy to grow.

Red Gem Marigold – The citrus marigolds

have surprising properties and uses. Most are familiar with their horticultural value as bedding plants, and their insect repelling properties are well-known, but few would suspect a role as culinary and tea herbs in Latin American countries. Tangerine Gem has a lovely citrus-like odor and flavor. It’s great for desserts, especially hot dessert sauces made with wine. Easy to grow.

Golden Marjoram grows in a hugging mat of round, golden leaves with an oregano-like scent. Unlike sweet marjoram, it is hardy in the North and useful as a border plant in the herb garden. Used to flavor meat dishes and as an aid to digestion.

(Hardy Sweet) Marjoram is a hardy substitute for sweet marjoram and used in cooking in similar ways. It is a good flavoring for tomato dishes, mushrooms, onions, salads, and beans. Sweeter, more pungent than oregano. Medicinally, it has an antispasmodic and diuretic effect.